A network analysis of psychological flexibility, coping, and stigma in dermatology patients.

Introduction: Despite the negative effects of stigma in individuals with skin conditions, interventions to address its effects are rare. This might be in part due to a continued lack of understanding as to how individuals respond to stigma. Methods: In this study, we employed a step-case analytic method, using traditional regression, moderation, and network analyses, to examine the role of psychological flexibility (PF) with stigmatized experiences, and stigma-related outcomes. We run a cross-sectional study (n = 105 individuals with various skin conditions) and analyzed stigma-related variables. We included variables examining perceived stigmatization (PSQ), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), well-being (EQ5D5L), and variables stemming from the PF model (CompACT), presented as three coping with stigma responses, namely "open," "aware," and "active.". Results: Using network analysis, the most influential or central variables that contributed to stigma were generalized anxiety, perceived stigmatization, and valued actions. In relation to PF, being open to the experience of stigma (as opposed to avoidance), keeping a distance from stigmatized thoughts (as opposed to self-stigmatizing), and bringing attention to value-based committed actions (as opposed to passivity) were all found to contribute to less stigmatized experiences. Discussion: The results indicate that two of the three skills of the PF model ("open" and "active") may be important targets for interventions targeting stigma in people living with skin conditions.

Do left-wingers discriminate? A cross-country study on the links between political orientation, values, moral foundations, and the Covid-19 passport.

To increase Covid-19 vaccine uptake and protect vulnerable people, many countries have introduced a Covid-19 passport in 2021, allowing vaccinated individuals to access indoor facilities more freely and travel to foreign countries. However, the passport has had unintended consequences as it discriminates against those who do not want to get vaccinated for medical, religious, or political reasons, or those who do not have access to vaccines. The present study (N = 678) assessed across Brazil, UK, USA, and a group of other countries, the links between political orientation, human values, and moral foundations, and attitudes towards the Covid-19 passport and whether people perceive it as a discriminatory measure. Results showed that left-wingers, typically more inclined to recognize discrimination, favor the passport more and perceive it as less discriminatory than right-wingers. This pattern remains consistent even after controlling for human values and moral foundations, independently predicting attitudes towards the passport. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into a context in which left-wingers support measures that involuntarily discriminate against certain groups. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04554-9.

The Short Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ-12) for Adults.

BACKGROUND: The Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) is the most widely used measure to assess health-related quality of life in food allergy. However, its length can lead to a series of disadvantages, such as reduced or incomplete participation and boredom and disengagement, affecting data quality, reliability, and validity. OBJECTIVE: We shortened the well-known FAQLQ for adults and propose the FAQLQ-12. METHODS: We applied reference-standard statistical analyses, mixing classic test theory and item response theory to identify relevant items for the new short form and confirm its structure fit and reliability. More specifically, we employed discrimination, difficulty, and information levels (item response theory), confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlations, and reliability analysis (McDonald ω and Cronbach α). RESULTS: We chose items with the highest discrimination values to compose the shortened FAQLQ because they were among the ones with the best difficulty levels and the highest amount of individual information. We retained three items per factor because this number allowed for acceptable reliability levels, resulting in 12 items. The FAQLQ-12 presented a better model fit compared with the complete version. The correlation patterns and reliability levels were similar for both the 29 and 12 versions. CONCLUSIONS: Although the full version of the FAQLQ remains a reference standard to assess food allergy quality of life, the FAQLQ-12 is introduced as a powerful and beneficial alternative. It can help participants, researchers, and clinicians in specific settings, such as dealing with time and budget limitations, and provides high-quality and reliable responses.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S).

COVID-19 can bring several psychological problems to patients and non-patients, which highlights the need for a better understanding of outcomes that can emerge due the occurrence of the virus. One of these variables is fear, present in situations of continuous uncertainty. Fear is a key variable for mental health and tracking it and its correlates might help to develop proper education and prevention programs. Currently, Brazil is one of the epicentres of the COVID-19 pandemic, with its public health system scrapped and not being able to contain the amount of infected people. Therefore, a proper measure to screen the fear of COVID-19 will help to provide improvements in mental health in such contexts. For that, two studies were performed. In Study 1 (N = 230) we assessed the factorial structure of the measure through exploratory factor analysis, and item parameters using item response theory. In Study 2 (N = 302), we assessed whether the structure would replicate in an independent sample and through confirmatory factor analysis, besides assessing convergent validity using Structural Equation Modelling and proposing a shorter version of the measure. Both long and short versions presented a reliable unidimensional structure and similar patterns of correlations with depression, anxiety, and stress. Overall, our results showed that the FCV-19S and its short version are useful measures to the assessment of fear of COVID-19 in Brazil.

The MOVIE model: Assessing movie preferences and personality correlates / O modelo MOVIE: Avaliando a preferência por filmes e os correlatos com personalidade / El modelo MOVIE: Evaluando la preferencia por películas y los correlatos con la personalidade

Watching movies is a common fun form, generating billions of dollars annually. However, few studies explored individual differences that predict movie preferences, even considering that they reflect some personality features. One of the main limitations in the area is the lack of measures and models that operationalize the structure of movie preferences. Thus, in the present study, we proposed and tested a five-factor measure to assess movie preferences: the MOVIE (Melodrama, cOmic, Violent, Imaginative, and Exciting) model. The structure presented acceptable psychometric parameters besides meaningful associations with personality traits. These results, even with low magnitudes, show that the process of choosing a movie or content may reflect specific personality traits and reinforce the role that personality can play in the real world.

Assistir a filmes é uma forma comum de diversão, gerando bilhões de dólares por ano a indústria do cinema. No entanto, poucos estudos exploraram as diferenças individuais que predizem as preferências por filmes, mesmo considerando que estas refletem algumas características da personalidade. Uma das principais limitações da área é a falta de medidas e modelos que operacionalizem a estrutura de preferências cinematográficas. Assim, no presente estudo, propusemos e testamos uma medida de cinco fatores para avaliar as preferências de filmes: o modelo MOVIE (Melodrama, cOmic, Violent, Imaginative e Exciting). Tal estrutura apresentou parâmetros psicométricos aceitáveis, além de associações significativas com traços de personalidade. Esses resultados, mesmo com magnitudes baixas, mostram que o processo de escolha de um filme ou conteúdo pode refletir traços específicos de personalidade e reforçar o papel que a personalidade pode desempenhar no mundo real.

Ver películas es una forma común de diversión que genera millones de dólares al año. Sin embargo, pocos estudios están considerando las diferencias individuales que predicen las preferencias cinematográficas, incluso si reflejan algunos rasgos de personalidad. Una de las principales limitaciones en el área es la falta de medidas y modelos que operacionalicen la estructura de las preferencias cinematográficas. Por lo tanto, en el presente estudio, propusimos y probamos una medida de cinco factores para evaluar las preferencias cinematográficas: el modelo MOVIE (Melodrama, cOmic, Violent, Imaginative, and Exciting). Dicha estructura presentó parámetros psicométricos aceptables, además de asociaciones significativas con los rasgos de personalidad. Estos resultados, incluso con magnitudes bajas, muestran que el proceso de elección de una película o contenido puede reflejar rasgos de personalidad específicos y reforzar el papel que la personalidad puede desempeñar en el mundo real.

The food allergy COPE inventory: Adaptation and psychometric properties.

BACKGROUND: Food allergy (FA) has been shown to have an adverse impact on food allergy quality of life (FAQL). To more fully understand this impact, correlates and predictors of FAQL must be reliably measured. Coping is one such factor. In the present study (n = 200), we sought to adapt the widely used Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Inventory and its 15 distinct strategies to food allergy, named FA-COPE Inventory. More specifically, we propose a long (60-item) and short (30-item) version of the measure. METHODS: To examine the robustness of the newly adapted FA-COPE Inventory, we tested whether the 15-factor structure of the adapted version would present good psychometrical properties, using gold standard psychometric techniques. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis to assess model fit, McDonald's omega, and inter-item correlations to assess reliability, and Pearson's correlation to assess convergent validity with a generic coping measure and satisfaction with FA life. RESULTS: Our results showed a good model fit (eg, CFI and TLI ≥ .94) for the 15-factor structure of the measure's long and short version. These factors also presented reliability levels aligned with the coping literature. Finally, the majority of the FA-COPE Inventory factors (eg, acceptance) were significantly associated with the generic coping measure and satisfaction with FA life. CONCLUSION: Both the long and short adapted FA-COPE Inventory showed a good fit to food allergy issues. These measures can help facilitate the identification of the most commonly used strategies to deal with FA. Their use can lead to a more in-depth understanding of the impact of the coping strategies and how they can help improve the quality of life of those impacted by the disease.

The dark side of Brazil: Effects of dark traits on general COVID-19 worry and responses against the pandemic.

Brazil is one of the epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., 563,470 deaths until August 9th, 2021). Since the Brazilian government is partly struggling and partly unwilling to control the pandemic, staying healthy falls almost exclusively to the population. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the predictive role of personality traits to explain the willingness to combat the COVID-19 virus. In the present study (N = 496), we investigated the Dark Pentad traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism, and spitefulness. Our findings revealed that the first four traits were consistently negatively associated with various measures that indicate whether the pandemic is taken seriously, such as the perceived severity of COVID-19 and intentions to act against COVID-19. Structural equation modeling further showed that general COVID-19 worry mediated the link between the Dark Pentad and adaptive and maladaptive responses. Our results indicate that all dark traits are associated with unsocial behaviors, but their relative importance varies depending on the outcome variable.

The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Food Allergy (PANAS-FA): Adaptation and psychometric properties.

BACKGROUND: Food allergy (FA) is a worldwide concern, increasing up to 50% in the past decade, with a 700% rise in hospitalizations because of anaphylaxis. Individuals diagnosed with FA must have the emotional resources to cope with the many challenges that arise from self-management tasks and the social limitations that FA presents. Therefore, it is clear that close consideration of heightened emotions due to FA is needed. METHOD: The present research aimed to adapt the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), one of the most used questionnaires available to measure mood or emotion worldwide, for a population of individuals with FA. We performed one study (N = 205; M age = 37.37; Age range = 18-72). To adapt the measure, we asked participants to what extent they "generally" felt about having a FA, through 20 items (eg, strong, alert - positive affect; upset, scared - negative affect). We used Item Response Theory, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and reliability estimates to assess the data. We also propose a shorter version of the PANAS-FA, using its "best items". Finally, we also used the General Anxiety Disorder-7 measure and Need for Affect Questionnaire to assess convergent validity. RESULTS: The PANAS-FA presented a good model fit and strong item parameters. We removed 4 items from each factor for the shorter version, which presented difficulty levels slightly higher than recommended. The short PANAS-FA presented comparable results to the longer version. The measure also showed significant associations with general anxiety and need for affect, which assesses to what extent an individual likes to engage in emotion-inducing situations. Through a mediational model, negative affect significantly influenced general anxiety, partially influenced by the extent individuals avoid emotional situations. CONCLUSION: We are confident that the adaptation of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule focused on food allergy (PANAS-FA) provides a novel opportunity to understand the intrinsic associations between emotions and living with FA. Identifying which FA emotions are related to these factors may be vital for future interventions, providing an environment that focuses or promotes these emotions to enhance individual well-being.

Who prioritizes the economy over health? The role of political orientation and human values.

One of the main challenges governments faced during the Covid-19 pandemic was to balance economic considerations with protecting the health of people (i.e., economic vs humanitarian motives). In the present study (N = 296), we investigated whether human values, political orientation, and fear of Covid-19 predicted economic and humanitarian motives. We found that people holding self-enhancement and normative values, had lower levels of Covid-19 fear, and were more right-leaning in terms of their political orientation, tended to prioritize the economy. In contrast, people valuing normative values less, interactive values more, reported higher levels of Covid-19 related fear, and were more left-leaning, tended to prioritize the health of people. Importantly, values explained variance above and beyond political orientation and fear of Covid-19. Together, our findings highlight the importance of values in decision making.

Escala de Crenças Gerais Conspiratórias (ECGC): desenvolvimento e evidências psicométricas / General Conspiracy Belief Scale (Cgbs): development and psychometric evidence / Escala de Creencias Conspiratorias Generales (ECGC): desarrollo y evidencias psicométricas

O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver a Escala de Crenças Gerais Conspiratórias (ECGC), reunindo evidências de sua validade fatorial e consistência interna. Para tal, foram realizados dois estudos. No Estudo 1 (n =229), uma análise de componentes principais permitiu identificar uma estrutura com cinco componentes, cada um reunindo três itens: manipulação farmacêutica (α = 0,74), conspirações globais (α = 0,80), manipulação de grupos secretos (α = 0,80), encobrimento de contato extraterrestre (α = 0,92) e controle de informações (α = 0,60). No Estudo 2 (n = 229), a análise fatorial confirmatória indicou que o modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados foi o bifator (CFI = 0,96, TLI = 0,94, RMSEA = 0,06). Conclui-se que a versão final da ECGC, formada por 15 itens, apresenta evidências psicométricas adequadas para avaliar crenças em teorias conspiratórias, podendo ser utilizada em pesquisas no contexto brasileiro. (AU)

The present study aimed to develop the General Conspiracy Belief Scale (ECGC), seeking evidence of its factorial validity and internal consistency. For this, two studies were carried out. In Study 1 (n=229) an analysis of the main components identified a five factor structure, each composed of three items: pharmaceutical manipulation (α=.74), global conspiracies (α=.80), manipulation by secret groups (α=.80), extraterrestrial contact cover ups (α=.92) and information control (α=.60). In Study 2 (n=229) the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the bifactor model best fitted the data (CFI=.96, TLI=.94, RMSEA=.06). The final version of the ECGC, composed of 15 items, presents adequate psychometric evidence to evaluate beliefs in conspiracy theories, which can be used in research in the Brazilian context. (AU)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar la Escala de Creencia Conspiratorias Generales (ECGC), reuniendo evidencias de su validez factorial y consistencia interna. Por lo que, se llevaron a cabo dos estudios. En el Estudio 1 (n = 229), un análisis de los componentes principales permitió identificar una estructura con cinco componentes, cada uno reunió tres elementos: manipulación farmacéutica (α = 0.74), conspiraciones globales (α = 0.80), manipulación de grupos secretos (α = 0.80), encubrimiento de contacto extraterrestre (α = 0.92) y control de información (α = 0.60). En el Estudio 2 (n = 229) el análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó que el modelo que mejor se ajusta a los datos es el bifactor (CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.06). Se concluye que la versión final del ECGC, formada por 15 ítems, presenta evidencias psicométricas adecuadas para evaluar las creencias en las teorías conspiratorias, y puede utilizarse en investigaciones en el contexto brasileño. (AU)

Development of the Food Allergy Anxiety Scale in an Adult Population: Psychometric Parameters and Convergent Validity.

BACKGROUND: Food allergy (FA) affects up to 10% of young children and 2% to 3% of adults, and appears to be increasing in prevalence across the world. The adverse and growing impact of FAs warrants that closer attention is needed to the psychological mechanisms underlying FA and quality of life, to provide benefits for both clinicians and patients. One of these psychological mechanisms, frequently present in individuals struggling with FA, is anxiety. OBJECTIVE: To provide an FA-specific measure to properly assess the impact of anxiety, the present research proposed the novel Food Allergy Anxiety Scale in an adult population. METHODS: Two studies were conducted (n = 412), and the psychometric properties of the measure were extensively assessed through several robust statistical techniques (eg, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and item response theory). RESULTS: Our findings indicated a reliable 1-factor structure, significantly associated with other constructs such as general anxiety, depression, and FA quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: We are confident that the Food Allergy Anxiety Scale is a powerful tool to assess this specific role of FA within anxiety, which might lead to a better comprehension on how this psychological distress works, and consequently, the development of better strategies to reduce its impact.

What increases the chances of staying in social isolation? Effect of prosocial variables / O que aumenta a chance de permanecer no isolamento social? Efeito de variáveis pró-sociais / ¿Qué aumenta las posibilidades de permanecer en aislamiento social? Efecto de las variables prosociales

The article aims to evaluate the effects that empathy, altruism and compassion, plus sociodemographic variables, have on the permanence of adherence to the social isolation demanded by the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was quantitative, longitudinal and included a sample of 200 people from three Brazilian states, who answered twice an online questionnaire (prepared by Google forms), at intervals of 30 days, during social isolation. Davis' Multidimensional Reactivity Scale was used; the Santa Clara compassion scale (Brief Compassion Scale); the Altruistic Attitudes Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results indicated that there was an increase in the perspective empathy dimension between the first and the second collection and that the financial aspects, compassion and perspective taking increased the chances of people remaining in social isolation.

O artigo possui como objetivo avaliar o efeito que a empatia, altruísmo e compaixão, mais variáveis sociodemográficas, possuem na permanência da adesão ao isolamento social demandado pela pandemia do Covid-19. O estudo foi quantitativo, longitudinal e contou com uma amostra de 200 pessoas de três estados brasileiros, que responderam duas vezes um questionário online (elaborado pelo Google forms), em intervalos de 30 dias, durante o isolamento social do primeiro semestre de 2020. Utilizou-se a escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal de Davis; a escala de compaixão da Santa Clara (Brief Compassion Scale); a Escala de Atitudes Altruístas e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram que houve aumento na dimensão da empatia de tomada de perspectiva entre a primeira e a segunda coleta e que os aspectos financeiros, a compaixão e a tomada de perspectiva aumentaram as chances de as pessoas permanecerem em isolamento social.

El artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar los efectos que la empatía, el altruismo y la compasión, además de las variables sociodemográficas, tienen sobre la permanencia de la adhesión al aislamiento social exigido por la pandemia de Covid-19. El estudio fue cuantitativo, longitudinal e incluyó una muestra de 200 personas de tres estados brasileños, que respondieron dos veces un cuestionario en línea (preparado por formularios de Google), a intervalos de 30 días, durante el aislamiento social. Se utilizó la escala de reactividad multidimensional de Davis; la escala de compasión de Santa Clara (Breve escala de compasión); la escala de actitudes altruistas y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados indicaron que hubo un aumento en la dimensión de empatía de perspectiva entre la primera y la segunda colección y que los aspectos financieros, la compasión y la toma de perspectiva aumentaron las posibilidades de que las personas permanezcan en aislamiento social.

Honor Scale in Romania: Psychometric Parameters and Associations to Human Values.

Honor is an important psychological construct that refers to one's worth in one's own eyes and in the eyes of others. A person's honor is dependent on implicit personal meaning, which leads the individual to behave in a way worthy of being valued and socially appreciated. In the present research, we aimed to provide psychometric evidence for the short version of the Honor Scale in the Romanian context. For that, one study was performed (N = 444). The four-dimensional structure of the measure was supported through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and showed good reliability estimates. The measure also presented full factorial invariance across participants' gender, showing that these groups answer to the measure in a similar way and can be further compared in research. Finally, results indicated significant associations between the Honor Scale factors with human values and age. In sum, our findings suggest that the short version of the Honor Scale is psychometrically adequate to use in Romania.

Well-being as a function of person-country fit in human values.

It is often assumed that incongruence between individuals' values and those of their country is distressing, but the evidence has been mixed. Across 29 countries, the present research investigated whether well-being is higher if people's values match with those of people living in the same country or region. Using representative samples, we find that person-country and person-region value congruence predict six well-being measures (e.g., emotional well-being, relationship support; N = 54,673). Crucially, however, value type moderates whether person-country fit is positively or negatively associated with well-being. People who value self-direction, stimulation, and hedonism more and live in countries and regions where people on average share these values report lower well-being. In contrast, people who value achievement, power, and security more and live in countries and regions where people on average share these values, report higher well-being. Additionally, we find that people who moderately value stimulation report the highest well-being.

Adaptação brasileira do Inventario de Autoeficacia para el Estudio / Brazilian adaptation of the self-efficacy for study inventory Inventario de Autoeficacia para el Estudio / Adaptación brasileña del Inventario de Autoeficacia para el Estudio

Este estudo tem como objetivo adaptar e validar o Inventario de Autoeficacia para el Estudio (Idape). Contou-se com 256 universitários, cuja média de idade foi de 22,96 anos (DP = 5,73), sendo 58,6% do sexo feminino. A maioria desses universitários foi proveniente de instituições particulares (51,2%). Os participantes responderam ao Idape e a questões sociodemográficas. Por meio de análise fatorial exploratória, verificou-se que o Idape ficou composto por oito itens em um único fator, explicando 39% da variância total e apresentando alfa de Cronbach de 0,77. Observou-se que a autoeficácia não diferiu em função do sexo, apresentando diferença somente quanto ao tipo de instituição. A quantidade de horas diárias de estudos e a autopercepção como estudante se correlacionaram positiva e significantemente com a autoeficácia. Conclui-se que o instrumento possui evidências psicométricas satisfatórias para investigar a autoeficácia e atividades autorreguladoras da aprendizagem no contexto brasileiro.

This study aimed to adapt and validate the Inventario de Autoeficacia para el Estudio (Idape). Participants were 256 university students, with mean age of 22.96 (SD = 5.73) and 58.6% female. The majority of these came from private institutions (51.2%). Participants answered the Idape and sociodemographic questions. Performing an exploratory factor analysis, it was verified that the Idape was composed by eight items in one factor, explaining 39% of the total variance and presenting a Cronbach's alpha of .77. It was observed that the self-efficacy did not differ according to the sex, presenting differences regarding to the type of institution. The number of hours of study per day and self-perception as a student correlated positively and significantly with self-efficacy. It can be concluded that the instrument has satisfactory psychometric evidences to investigate self-efficacy and self-regulating activities of learning in the Brazilian context.

Este estudio tiene objetivo adaptar y validar el Inventario de Autoeficacia para el Estudio (Idape). Se contó con 256 universitarios, cuya media de edad fue de 22,96 anos (DP = 5,73), siendo 58,6% del sexo femenino. La mayoría fue proveniente de instituciones particulares (51,2%). Los participantes respondieron el Idape y las cuestiones sociodemográficas. Por medio de análisis factorial exploratoria, verificó que el Idape estuvo compuesto por ocho artículos en un único factor, explicando 39% la variancia total y presentando alfa Cronbach 0,77. Se observó que autoeficacia no difirió en función del sexo, presentando diferencia solamente cuanto al tipo de institución. La cantidad de horas diarias de estudios y autopercepción como estudiante se corre-lacionaron positivamente y significativamente con la autoeficacia. Concluye que el instrumento tiene evidencias psicométricas satisfactorias para investigar autoeficacia y actividades auto reguladoras del aprendizaje en el contexto brasileno.

Escala de necessidade de pertença: evidências de qualidade psicométrica / Need to belong scale: evidences of psychometric quality / Necesidad de pertenecer: evidencias de calidad psicométrica

A necessidade de pertença representa uma motivação do ser humano para estabelecer relacionamentos intensos e duradouros, sendo isso um importante aspecto para a manutenção do bem-estar e saúde mental destes. Considerando a relevância desse construto, busca-se validar a escala de Necessidade de Pertença (ENP) para o contexto brasileiro em três estudos (N = 642). O primeiro e segundo estudos objetivaram apresentar a estrutura fatorial da presente medida por meio de análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, os quais confirmaram a solução unifatorial esperada (CFI = 0,96) com a eliminação de três itens da versão original. Já o terceiro estudo buscou apresentar evidências de validade convergente da ENP, tendo confirmado a significativa associação desse construto com medidas de natureza similar (e.g., solidão emocional). Conclui-se que os objetivos foram alcançados e que a medida apresenta-se psicometricamente adequada para uso no Brasil. (AU)

The need to belong represents a motivation of the human being to establish intense and long-term relationships, and it is an important aspect for the maintenance of people's well-being and mental health. Considering the relevance of this construct, we sought to validate the Need to Belong Scale (NBS) for the Brazilian context in three studies (N = 642). The first and second studies aimed to present the factorial structure of this measure through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, which confirmed the expected single-factor solution (CFI = 0.96) with the elimination of three items from the original version. The third study sought to present evidence of convergent validity of the NBS, confirming the significant association of this construct with measures of a similar nature (e. g., emotional loneliness). In conclusion, this measure showed to be psychometrically adequate for use in Brazil. (AU)

La necesidad de pertenencia representa una motivación del ser humano para establecer relaciones intensas y duraderas, siendo esto, fundamental para mantener el bienestar y la salud mental de las personas. Considerando la pertinencia de este constructo, se busca validar la Escala de Necesidad de Pertenencia (ENP) para el contexto brasileño a través de tres estudios (N = 642). El primer y segundo estudio presentan la estructura factorial de esta medida a través de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, confirmando la estructura unifactorial esperada (CFI = 0,96), con la eliminación de tres ítems de la versión original. El tercer estudio trató de presentar evidencias de validez convergente de la ENP, confirmando la asociación significativa de este constructo con medidas de naturaleza similar (e.g. soledad emocional). Conclusión, los objetivos fueron alcanzados y la medida ha demostrado ser psicométricamente adecuada para su uso en Brasil. (AU)

De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale - Short Version: Validation for the Brazilian Context / Escala de Solidão de De Jong Gierveld - Versão Reduzida: Validação para o Contexto Brasileiro / Escala de Soledad de De Jong Gierveld - Versión Reducida: Validación al Contexto Brasileño

Abstract Individuals who experience a state of loneliness may feel that their needs of belonging are unfulfilled, suffering a state of social deprivation that might affect their well-being. For a better understanding, three studies (N = 939) aimed to adapt the short version of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale to Brazil. In Studies 1 and 2, exploratory and confirmatory analyses corroborated the expected two correlated factors structure: emotional and social. Evidences of convergent validity and factorial invariance between genders were also observed. Study 3 verified the instrument's psychometric properties through Item Response Theory (IRT) and the results showed that the items presented acceptable levels of difficulty, discriminated participants with similar levels of aptitude/endorsement and indicated that both factors of the measure presented substantial information for a wide range of the latent trait. We conclude that this measure is psychometrically suitable for use in Brazil.

Resumo Indivíduos que vivenciam um estado de solidão podem sentir uma incompletude em suas necessidades de pertença, acarretando um estado de privação social que pode afetar o seu bem-estar. Para melhor entendimento, três estudos (N = 939) objetivaram adaptar a versão reduzida da Escala de Solidão de De Jong Gierveld para o Brasil. Nos estudos 1 e 2, análises exploratória e confirmatória corroboraram a estrutura esperada de dois fatores correlacionados: emocional e social. Também se observaram evidências de validade convergente e invariância fatorial entre os gêneros. O estudo 3 avaliou as propriedades psicométricas da medida por meio da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) e indicou que os itens da escala apresentam níveis de dificuldade satisfatórios, discriminam participantes com níveis próximos de aptidão/endosso e sugerem que os fatores encontrados apresentam informações substanciais para uma larga porção do traço latente. Conclui-se que a medida é psicometricamente adequada para utilização no Brasil.

Resumen Los individuos que experimentan un estado de soledad pueden sentir que sus necesidades de pertenencia se encuentran incompletas, sufriendo un estado de privación social que puede afectar su bienestar. Para una mejor comprensión del tema, fueron realizados tres estudios (N = 939) que tuvieron como objetivo adaptar la versión reducida de la Escala de Soledad de De Jong Gierveld al contexto brasileño. En los Estudios 1 y 2, los análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio corroboraron la estructura esperada de los factores emocional y social, relacionados entre sí. También fueron observadas pruebas de validez convergente y conservación factorial entre géneros. El Estudio 3 evaluó las propiedades psicométricas de la medida mediante la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI) e indicó que los ítems de la escala presentan niveles satisfactorios de dificultad y discriminan participantes con niveles similares de aptitud/aprobación. Además, sugieren que los factores determinados contienen información significativa para una gran parte del rasgo latente. Se concluye que la medida es psicométricamente adecuada para su uso en Brasil.

Medo de Ficar Solteiro: Evidências Psicométricas e de Validade de uma Medida / Miedo a Estar Sola: Evidencias Psicométricas y de Validez de una Medida / Psychometric and Validity Evidence of the Fear of Being Single Scale

Resumo O medo de ficar solteiro pode ocasionar alterações na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, podendo afetar o bem-estar e a autoestima. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo validar a Escala Medo de Ficar Solteiro (EMFS) para o Brasil, apresentando evidências de sua qualidade psicométrica por meio de dois estudos. Estudo 1 contou com 172 participantes (Idade M = 23,69, DP = 7,77; 64,5% mulheres) e reproduziu a estrutura unifatorial do modelo original, com seis itens. O Estudo 2 contou com 220 participantes (Idade M = 21,90, DP = 5,64; 59,5% mulheres) e confirmou a estrutura por meio de uma AFC, com índices satisfatórios (CFI = 0,96; TLI = 0,94), além de fornecer evidência quanto a invariância fatorial do instrumento em relação ao status de relacionamento dos participantes. Adicionalmente, apresentou-se validade convergente por meio de correlações significativas com solidão e escore de satisfação com a vida, além de ter sido observada diferença entre homens e mulheres quanto ao medo de ficar solteiro. Por fim, a medida apresentou índices adequados de confiabilidade (alfa de Cronbach, α = 0,88) e confiabilidade composta (CC = 0,82). Concluindo, a medida apresentou evidências satisfatórias para o seu uso no contexto brasileiro.

Resumen El miedo a estar soltero puede conducir a modificaciones en la calidad de vida de los individuos, que pueden afectar su bienestar y autoestima. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo validar la Escala Miedo a Estar Soltero (EMES) en Brasil, presentando evidencias de su calidad psicométrica a través de dos estudios. Estudio 1 contó con 172 participantes (Edad M = 23.69, DE = 7,77; 64,5% mujeres) y se replica la estrutura unifactorial del instrumento, con seis ítems. Estudio contó con 220 participantes (Edad M = 21.90, DE = 5,6; 59,5% mujeres) y confirmó la estructura mediante una AFC, con índices satisfactorios (CFI = .96; TLI = .94), y proporcionó evidencia de la invariancia factorial del instrumento, en relación al estado de relacionamento dos Participantes. Además, sí presenta validez convergente a través de correlaciones significativas con la soledad y la pontuación de satisfacción con la vida, y se ha observado diferencia entre hombres y mujeres cuando el miedo a estar soltero. Por último, la medida mostró niveles adecuados de fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach, α= 0,88) y fiabilidad compuesta (CC = 0,82). En conclusión, la medida presenta pruebas satisfactorias para su uso en el contexto brasileño.

Abstract The fear of being single can lead to changes in the quality of life of individuals, which may affect their well-being and self-esteem. This research aimed to validate the Fear of Being Single Scale (FBSS) for Brazil, presenting evidence of its psychometric quality through two studies. Study 1 had 172 participants (Age M = 23.69, SD = 7.77; 64.5% women) and replicated the one-factor structure of the instrument, with six items. Study 2 had 220 participants (Age M = 21.90, SD = 5.64; 59.5% women) and confirmed the structure using a CFA, with satisfactory indices (CFI = .96; TLI = .94), and provided evidence for the factorial invariance of the instrument, in relation to participants' relationship status. Additionally, convergent validity was presented through significant correlations with loneliness and life satisfaction scores, and a difference was also observed between men and women regarding the fear of being single. Finally, the scale showed adequate levels of reliability (Cronbach's alpha, α = 0.88) and composite reliability (CR = 0.82). In conclusion, the scale presented satisfactory evidence for its use in a Brazilian context.

Questionário de Necessidade de Emoções (NAQ-S): Validade de Construto, Invariância e Fidedignidade / Need for Affect Questionnaire (NAQ-S): Construct Validity, Invariance and Reliability / Cuestionario de Necesidad de Emóciones (NAQ-S): Validez de Constructo, Invariancia y Fiabilidad

Dois estudos (N = 457) examinaram as propriedades psicométricas da versão reduzida do Questionário de Necessidade de Emoções (Need for Affect Questionnaire: NAQ-S) no contexto brasileiro. No primeiro estudo, uma análise de componentes principais indicou uma estrutura bifatorial, com cinco itens cada: aproximação (α = 0,70) e evitação (α = 0,75). Confirmou-se essa estrutura no segundo estudo (GFI = 0,92; CFI = 0,90), mostrando-se invariante quanto ao sexo. Para verificar os correlatos do NAQ-S, utilizou-se, nos dois estudos, medidas que visam avaliar os valores humanos, a solidão e a necessidade de pertença, além dos cinco fatores da personalidade no segundo estudo. Os resultados demonstraram que uma maior necessidade de emoção foi associada com maior extroversão, maiores escores em valores de experimentação e interativos, e escores mais baixos de solidão. Os estudos apresentam suporte de validade do NAQ-S no Brasil, mostrando sua utilidade para fins de pesquisa.(AU)

Two studies (N=457) examined the psychometric properties of the short version of the Need for Affect Questionnaire (NAQS) in the Brazilian context. In the first study, a principal components analysis indicated a two-factor structure, with five items each: approach (α= .70) and avoidance (α= .75). This structure was confirmed in the second study (GFI= .92; CFI= .90), and it was invariant across gender. To verify the correlates of NAQ-S, we used measures to evaluate the human values, loneliness and need to belong in both studies, besides the five personality factors in the second study. The results showed that higher need for affect was associated with higher extraversion, higher scores in excitement and interactive values, and with lower loneliness scores. The studies support the validity of the NAQ-S in Brazil, showing its usefulness for research purposes.(AU)

Dos estudios (N=457) examinaron las propriedades psicométricas de la versión reducida del Cuestionario de Necesidad de Emociones (Need for Affect Questionnaire; NAQ-S) en el contexto brasileño. En el primer estudio, un análisis de componentes principales indicó una estructura bifactorial, con cinco ítems cada una: aproximación (α = .70) y evitación (α = .75). Se confirmo esta estructura en el segundo estudio (GFI=.92; FCI=.90), mostrándose invariable con relación al sexo. Para verificar las correlaciones del NAQ-S, fue utilizado en ambos estudios medidas que tienden a evaluar los valores humanos, la soledad y la necesidad de pertenencia, además de evaluarse en el segundo estudio los cinco factores de personalidad. Los resultados mostraron que una mayor necesidad de emoción, fue asociada con mayor extraversión, con resultados mayores en valores de experimentación e interactivos, y resultados más bajos de soledad. Los estudios presentan apoyo de validez del NAQ-S en Brasil, mostrando su utilidad para fines de investigación.(AU)